On the algebra of structured specifications

AbstractWe develop module algebra for structured specifications with model oriented denotations. Our work extends the existing theory with specification building operators for non-protecting importation modes and with new algebraic rules (most notably for initial semantics) and upgrades the pushout-style semantics of parameterized modules to capture the (possible) sharing between the body of the parameterized modules and the instances of the parameters. We specify a set of sufficient abstract conditions, smoothly satisfied in the actual situations, and prove the isomorphism between the parallel and the serial instantiation of multiple parameters. Our module algebra development is done at the level of abstract institutions, which means that our results are very general and directly applicable to a wide variety of specification and programming formalisms that are rigorously based upon some logical system

Encoding hybridised institutions into first order logic

"First published online: 12 November 2014"A ‘hybridization’ of a logic, referred to as the base logic, consists of developing the characteristic features of hybrid logic on top of the respective base logic, both at the level of syntax (i.e. modalities, nominals, etc.) and of the semantics (i.e. possible worlds). By ‘hybridized institutions’ we mean the result of this process when logics are treated abstractly as institutions (in the sense of the institution theory of Goguen and Burstall). This work develops encodings of hybridized institutions into (many-sorted) first order logic (abbreviated FOL) as a ‘hybridization’ process of abstract encodings of institutions into FOL, which may be seen as an abstraction of the well known standard translation of modal logic into first order logic. The concept of encoding employed by our work is that of comorphism from institution theory, which is a rather comprehensive concept of encoding as it features encodings both of the syntax and of the semantics of logics/institutions. Moreover we consider the so-called theoroidal version of comorphisms that encode signatures to theories, a feature that accommodates a wide range of concrete applications. Our theory is also general enough to accomodate various constraints on the possible worlds semantics as well a wide variety of quantifications. We also provide pragmatic sufficient conditions for the conservativity of the encodings to be preserved through the hybridization process, which provides the possibility to shift a formal verification process from the hybridized institution to FOL.We thank both Till Mossakowski and Andrzej Tarlecki for the technical suggestion of using the predicates D. The work of the first author has been supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNCS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0439. The work of the second author was funded by the European Regional Development Fund through the COMPETE Programme, and by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology through the projects FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-028923 and NORTE-01-0124-FEDER-000060

TALENT MANAGEMENT IN SPORT ORGANIZATIONS

Succession and talent management approach from sports organizations should be shaped by its strategic goals, the context in which it can be find, and human resources requirements. We will present the six steps that provide a work schedule to design and implement succession in management: a) planning/extending the process, b) providing strategic integration, c) assess the current situation, d) identifying and assessing gifted individuals e) implementation: planning and undertaking development, f) evaluation. In the starting phase, the organization must define a business case for the succession in management. The second step should be considered in the demographic light of the organization and implications of the demographic change upon the application of candidates for critical organizational roles. By the third step, by estimating the current state of play, it is performed a risk assessment of possible departures from the existing already critical roles. The fourth step is to identify and evaluate the potential. It incorporates the identification of critical roles in the organization and the development of a clear understanding of the capabilities required for effectiveness in those roles. The fifth step is the implementation and this involves planning and implementing the program. The last step is evaluation. For the organization, assessing its results could be determined in the following terms: if organizational risk decreased, reduced or not

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON SPONSORSHIP ACTIVATION

Globally, sponsorship has grown impressive over the last 30 years, receiving an increased importance in the communication mix of companies. Sport organizations have understood the importance and the role sponsorship it plays for the financial support they need. Sponsorship is the material support of an event, activity or organization by an unaffiliated partner. It is a good way to increase brand awareness, which helps to generate consumer preferences and promote brand loyalty and also improves the brand image. Brands play an important role in the development of companies because they bring a number of benefits to them. The paper "Innovation’s impact on sponsorship activation" aims to present a series of theoretical elements of activating sponsorship, as well as the element of innovation in this process, an element represented by the social media presence in our lives and in the last part of the paper is presented a study based on a survey on our topic. REZUMAT. Rolul social-media în activarea sponsorizării. La nivel global, sponsorizarea a crescut impresionant în ultimii 30 de ani, primind o importanță crescută în mixul de comunicare al companiilor. Organizațiile sportive au înțeles importanța și rolul de sponsorizare pe care îl joacă pentru sprijinul financiar de care au nevoie. Sponsorizarea este sprijinul material al unui eveniment, activitate sau organizație de către un partener neafiliat. Este o modalitate bună de a crește gradul de conștientizare a mărcii, care ajută la generarea preferințelor consumatorilor și la promovarea loialității mărcii și, de asemenea, îmbunătățește imaginea mărcii. Mărcile joacă un rol important în dezvoltarea companiilor, deoarece le aduc o serie de beneficii. Lucrarea „Impactul inovației asupra activării sponsorizării” își propune să prezinte o serie de elemente teoretice ale activării sponsorizării, precum și elementul de inovație în acest proces, element reprezentat de prezența social media în viețile noastre și în ultima parte a lucrării este prezentat un studiu bazat pe un sondaj pe tema noastră. Cuvinte cheie: Marcă, Activare Sponsorizare, Rețele Sociale, Sportiv

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE eSPORTS PHENOMENON

eSports (Electronics Sports or short for esports, e-sports) is the term used in multiplayer computer games competitions, most of them organized and dedicated to professional players. Nowadays, esports has become a real industry, generating profits for the hardware companies, for the event organizers, but especially for the players, who can reach record receipts from the awards given at different events around them. Esports has slowly evolved into a cultural phenomenon. Across Asia, North America and Europe, the best pro gamers are competing for a share in hundreds of thousands of dollars at each tournament, watched by thousands if not millions of people around the globe. The present paper aims to present some theoretical aspects regarding the connection between sport and society, and also the development of electronic sport in Romania. REZUMAT. Considerații cu privire la dezvoltarea fenomenului eSport. eSports (Electronics Sports sau prescurtare pentru eSports, e-sport) este termenul folosit în competițiile de jocuri pe computer multiplayer, majoritatea organizate și dedicate jucătorilor profesioniști. În zilele noastre, eSports a devenit o adevărată industrie, generând profituri pentru companiile de hardware, pentru organizatorii de evenimente, dar mai ales pentru jucători, care pot ajunge la încasări record din premiile acordate la diferite evenimente din jurul. eSportul a evoluat încet într-un fenomen cultural. În toată Asia, America de Nord și Europa, cei mai buni jucători profesioniști concurează pentru o cotă de sute de mii de dolari la fiecare turneu, urmăriți de mii, dacă nu chiar de milioane de oameni din întreaga lume. Prezenta lucrare își propune să prezinte câteva aspecte teoretice referitoare la conexiunea dintre sport și societate, precum şi dezvoltarea sportului electronic din România. Cuvinte cheie: eSport; Jocuri video profesionale; Jocuri video competitive